Adjective, Adverb

·              Adjective (comparison)

·              Adverbs - form and position

·              Adverb (comparison)

·              Adverbs of frequency

·              Adverbs and adjectives have the same form

·              Adverbs - the basis is not the adjective

·              Adverbs with two forms

·                   Comparison with adjectives

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* Comparison of adjectives

1) comparison with -er/-est

 clean - cleaner - (the) cleanest

 with -er/-est:

- all adjectives with one syllable (clean, new, cheap)

- all adjectives with two syllables ending on:
-y (easy, happy, pretty, dirty)
-er (clever)
-le (simple)
-ow (narrow)

Spelling:
large larger largest (leave out silent -e)
big bigger biggest (double consonant after short vowel in the middle)
dirty dirtier dirtiest (y is changed into -i, because there is a consonant before the- y {here -t})

2) comparison with more - most

difficult - more difficult - most difficult

all adjectives with more than one syllable (except adjectives with two syllables ending on -y or -er)

3) irregular adjectives good - better - best

bad - worse - worst
much - more - most
many - more - most
little - less - least (wenig)
little - smaller - smallest (klein)

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* Adverbs - form and position

1) adverbs and adjectives

- adverbs: in what way someone does something (adjective: tells us more about a noun)

FORM

adjective + -ly

You can't form adverbs from some adjectives (e.g. friendly, difficult).

2) position of adverbs

NOTE!

Never put an adverb between verb and object.

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* Adverb (comparison)

1) comparison with -er/-est

hard - harder - (the) hardest

with -er/-est:

- all adverbs with one syllable

- early

2) comparison with more - most

carefully - more carefully - most carefully

adverbs ending on -ly (not: early)

3) irregular adjectives

well - better - best

badly - worse - worst

little - less - least

much - more - most

far - farther/further - farthest/furthest

ATTENTION!

In informal English some adverbs are used without -ly (e.g. cheap, loud, quick). There are two forms of comparison possible, depending on the form af the adverb:
cheaply - more cheaply - most cheaply
cheap - cheaper - cheapest

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* Adverbs of frequency

always, usually, regularly, normally, often, sometimes, occasionally, rarely, seldom, never are adverbs of frequency.

The position of these adverbs is:

before the full verb

after am, are, is (to be)

The adverbs often, usually, sometimes and occasionally can go at the beginning of a sentence.

Sometimes I go swimming.

Often we surf the internet.

We read books occasionally.

The adverbs rarely and seldom can go at the end of the sentence.

He eats fish very seldom.

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* Adverbs and adjectives have the same form

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* Adverbs - the basis is not the adjective

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* Adverbs with two forms

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* Comparison with adjectives

1. A=B

Our car is as fast as Peter's car.

2.A<>B

a)John's car isn't as fast as our car. (A<B)

b) Our car is faster than John's car. (A>B)

Our car is faster than Peter's car.

Peter's car is slower than our car

NOTE!

John is taller than me.

Max is as tall as me.

DO not mix up than with then .

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Articles

* The articles "a" and "the"

1) the definite article - the

2) the indefinite article - a/an

NOTE: Pronunciation of the word is important, not the spelling.

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Use the article only when you really want to define something.

1) the definite article - the

2) the indefinite article a/an

- before phrases of time and measurements (per week/weekly)

- before phrases of jobs

- before phrases of nationality

- half / quite